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White Paper on Sustainability of Spanish Urban Planning
José Fariña Tojo, José Manuel Naredo (directors)
<<< 5.1 Manage waste to reduce its impact |6.0 Favour the cohesion of the social fabric and prevent exclusion| 6.1 Complexify the social fabric >>>

6.0 Favour the cohesion of the social fabric and prevent exclusion

6.01. Foster grassroot movements
This principle probably corresponds better to local budgets than to town planning. It is included because we believe that town planning should not be exclusively about rules governing land ownership rights, but should also cover genuine strategic urban planning (strategic not in the military sense of winning in combat but in the general sense of using means to achieve a goal) that should contain instructions for putting together local budgets. Seen from this angle, the plans could be instrumental in encouraging subsidies to grassroot organizations.

6.02. Reserve spaces for non-profit entities
In this case and still assuming that the town planning was reserved exclusively for the allocation of ground usage and organisation of the fabric and infrastructures, then the reservation of spaces for the local associations to have somewhere to carry out their activity should also be covered within the plans. Therefore, the specific legislation that includes the terms of the plans should include standards governing this reservation. The problem with reserving spaces in anticipation of needs is that, in all probability, they will not respond to real social needs in the future. To avoid this, those reservations that certain entities express a need for in order to do their work should be included in the planning process rather than as a standard in the law. So that regulations governing the terms of the plans should in fact regulate on the topic as part of the normal procedure of citizen participation. It seems more appropriate to put down specific rather than generic ground reservations for carrying out specific activities with the associations committing themselves to making progress with these activities.

6.03. Foster social complexity
Fostering social complexity as appears in this principle is too vague an expression to be functional as a regulation. However, in this work by the fostering of social complexity we mean all those initiatives that, in one way or another, contribute to the establishment of contact between the various social strata. One possible example is the integration of protected housing in unsubsidised group buildings. Given that this fostering understood like this is very difficult to include in regulations, it ought to become a recommendation and be considered (for example) in guides on the planning of sustainable housing. In any case, this principle has also been considered from a generic point of view so all references to issues that do not fit within any of the other sections have been taken into consideration.

6.04. Foster people's identification with their surroundings (cultural heritage)
This principle is also difficult to define. All references to cultural and historical heritage, whether rural or urban, have been included here. In Asturias, Catalonia and La Rioja specific reference has also been made to quality of life.

6.05. Favour access to housing
The concepts under this criterion are also difficult to define. In this case, they have been interpreted to include all references to protected housing, despite the fact that some are too generic and others very specific.

Discussion

In spite of how it might at first seem, most of the autonomous regions (as well as the national government) have legislated quite extensively. This means that almost all points make a significant number of references which are relevant to the majority of communities. Obviously, this has something to do with how much importance is given to the issue of housing and its associated activities as social reforms derived from the fostering of association movements. Further progress should probably be made with regard not only to the associations but also with equipment and resources. In a significant number of cases equipment and resources are under- or overused, as a result of the fact that the planning process only responds to its legal obligations instead of real necessities. It should be compulsory to provide justification for the fulfilment of or failure to comply with legal standards; this should probably (in most cases) be adapted to form part of the recommendations. In addition to spaces reserved for non-profit entities, resources and equipment should also be included in social participation processes (which would probably entail some kind of negotiating). This does not mean that they should not be established in the form of very minimal indicative standards so that the participation process might be achieved providing that the community shows some commitment regarding their implementation and use.